SpA originates from Greek word, where spondylo- means ‘vertebra’ and arthritis combine arthron (joint) with -itis (inflammation). SpA describes a group of immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases that primarily affect the axial skeleton (such as the spine and SI joints) and/or peripheral joints. These conditions are characterized by enthesitis and IBP. They are strongly associated with the HLA-B27 genetic marker and often present with EAMs, including uveitis, psoriasis, and IBD.

REFERENCE

1. Braun J, Sieper J, Dougados M. The history of ankylosing spondylitis/axial spondyloarthritis – what is the driving force of new knowledge? Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2025 Apr 1;71:152611.
2. Atzeni F, Talotta R, Masala IF, Sarzi-Puttini P. Chapter 19 – Spondyloarthritis and Gastrointestinal Involvement. In: Ramos-Casals M, Khamashta M, Britó-Zeron P, Atzeni F, Teixidor JR, editors. Handbook of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases [Internet]. Elsevier; 2017 [cited 2025 Sept 22]. p. 349–61. (The Digestive Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases; vol. 13). Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444637079000192